Exclusion and Poverty: An Analytical Approach for Understanding Exclusion and Assessing Programmes Targeting the Very Poor in Bangladesh

Exclusion is a term that comes up often in association with poverty, social welfare and social injustice. Development interventions are designed with some notion of benefiting or including the excluded. This paper analyses the concept of exclusion using simple demand-supply tools. A simple framework is proposed, that separates the attributes and spaces of exclusion to help in assessing development interventions. Success of programmes may be scaled in terms of their achievements in making poor included in the mainstream (i.e. main product/service space), or in a segmented space (from either complete exclusion or from previous inclusion in lower quality space), or not being able to include the poor in relevant spaces in any meaningful way.