World Bank

The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world.
We are not a bank in the ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development. We comprise two institutions managed by 187 member countries: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The IBRD aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, while IDA focuses exclusively on the world’s poorest countries. These institutions are part of a larger body known as the World Bank Group.
Established in 1944, the World Bank is headquartered in Washington, D.C. We have more than 9,000 employees in more than 100 offices worldwide.

Address: 1818 H Street, NWWashington, DC 20433 USA

Tel: (202) 473-1000

Fax: (202) 477-6391

Website: http://www.worldbank.org/

Paper Type:

The World Development Report 2018 —LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise

The World Development Report 2018 (WDR 2018)—LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise—is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the timing is excellent: education has long been critical to h...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Apr 2018

Cross-Border Spillover Effects of the G20 Financial Regulatory Reforms

The paper also emphasize the need for regulatory consistency within and between jurisdictions to ensure a level playing field.

Section: Working Papers

by Clive Briault | On 11 Jan 2018

Using Gross Trade Data to Map Archetypal GVCs

This paper introduces a new, publicly available database for tracking merchandise trade in the global value chains for apparel/textile/footwear, motor vehicles and parts, and electronics, developed or...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Michael Ferrantino | On 01 Jan 2018

Selection, Firm Turnover, and Productivity Growth: Do Emerging Cities Speed up the Process?

This paper identifies and estimates the impact of firm entry and exit on plant-level productivity in Ethiopia as part of a selection mechanism that might be driving aggregate productivity growth in ci...

Section: Working Papers

by Patricia Jones | On 01 Dec 2017

Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2017/2018 : Foreign Investor Perspectives and Policy Implications

This inaugural issue of the World Bank Group’s Global Investment Competitiveness Report presents novel analytical insights and empirical evidence on foreign direct investment’s (FDI) drivers and contr...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Jan 2017

The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution

The Global Findex database is the world’s most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Launched with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the da...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Jan 2017

Global Economic Prospects at 25

Although global growth is projected to accelerate gradually, a wide range of risks threaten to derail the recovery, including a sharper-than-expected slowdown in major emerging markets, sudden escalat...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Jun 2016

Stitches to Riches? Apparel Employment, Trade, and Economic Development in South Asia

This report is aimed at better informing that debate by demystifying the global and South Asian apparel markets, estimating the potential gains in exports and jobs (including for women), and identify...

Section: Reports

by Gladys Lopez Acevedo | On 01 Apr 2016

High and Dry : Climate Change, Water, and the Economy

The impacts of climate change will be channeled primarily through the water cycle, with consequences that could be large and uneven across the globe. Water-related climate risks cascade through food,...

Section: Working Papers

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Jan 2016

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation in the Developing World

This paper conducts an integrated assessment of climate change impacts and climate mitigation on agricultural commodity markets and food availability in low- and middle-income countries. The analysis...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Petr Havlík | On 01 Nov 2015

Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change

The 2015-16 Global Monitoring Report, produced jointly by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, details the progress the world has made towards global development goals and examines the impa...

Section: Reports

by International Monetary Fund [IMF] | On 07 Oct 2015

Leveraging Urbanization in South Asia

Urbanization provides South Asian countries with the potential to transform their economies to join the ranks of richer nations in both prosperity and livability, but a new World Bank report finds the...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 24 Sep 2015

Women, Business and the Law 2016: Getting to Equal

The report reveal the magnitude of the challenge that the world still faces in the quest for gender equality. This report promotes the cause of inclusion of women by informing research and policy disc...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 09 Sep 2015

Changing Wage Structure in India in the Post-Reform Era

This paper documents the changing structure of wages in India over the post-reform era, the roughly two-decade period since 1993. To investigate the factors underlying these changes, a supply-demand f...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Basab Dasgupta | On 01 Sep 2015

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services: Assessment of Implementation Status

This report presents the findings of an operations research study conducted to assess the implementation of the Government of Bangladesh’s National Nutrition Services Program (NNS) and to identify the...

Section: Reports

by Nkosinathi V.N. Mbuya | On 01 Aug 2015

Impact of Property Rights Reform to Support China’s Rural-Urban Integration

As part of a national experiment, in 2008 Chengdu prefecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease transferability a...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Songqing Jin | On 01 Aug 2015

Improving Education Outcomes in South Asia Findings from a Decade of Impact Evaluations

There have been many initiatives to improve education outcomes in South Asia. Still, outcomes remain stubbornly resistant to improvements, at least when considered across the region. To collect and sy...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Salman Asim | On 01 Jul 2015

The State of Social Safety Nets, 2015

This report documents the state of the social safety net agenda in low- and middle-income countries. In recent years, a true policy revolution has been under way. Th e statistics in this report captur...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 29 Jun 2015

Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery: Audit Evidence from Primary Care Providers in India

This paper presents direct evidence on the quality of health care in low-income settings using a unique and original set of audit studies, where standardized patients were presented to a nearly repres...

Section: Reports

by Alaka Holla | On 01 Jun 2015

How Much Could South Asia Benefit from Regional Electricity Cooperation and Trade?

The South Asia region is lagging behind many regions in the world in regional electricity cooperation and trading, despite the huge anticipated benefits. This study uses an electricity planning model...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Govinda Timilsina | On 01 Jun 2015

Cross-Border Electricity Cooperation in South Asia

South Asian countries, facing challenges in efficiently meeting growing electricity demand, can benefit from increased cross-border electricity cooperation and trade by harnessing complementarities in...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Anoop Singh | On 01 Jun 2015

India Development Update : Towards a Higher Growth Path

The India Development Update for April 2015 has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past six months in India's economy, and places these in a longer term and global conte...

Section: Reports

by World Trade Organisation | On 01 Apr 2015

Leakages from Public Distribution System (PDS) and the Way Forward

The public distribution system (PDS) has been one of the main policy instruments of the Government of India (GoI) to provide food security to the people of this country, especially the vulnerable ones...

Section: Reports

by Ashok Gulati | On 01 Jan 2015

Reprioritizing Government Spending on Health: Pushing an Elephant up the Stairs?

Countries vary widely with respect to the share of government spending on health, a metric that can serve as a proxy for the extent to which health is prioritized by governments. World Health Organiza...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Ajay Tandon | On 01 Jan 2015

The Economic Effects of a Borrower Bailout Evidence from an Emerging Market

This paper studies the credit market implications and real effects of one the largest borrower bailout programs in history, enacted by the government of India against the backdrop of the 2008–2009 fin...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Xavier Giné | On 01 Nov 2014

International Migration and Development in East Asia and the Pacific

The East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region has an international emigrant population of more than 21 million people who remitted US$112 billion to their home countries in 2013. The region also hosts more t...

Section: General

by Ahmad Ahsan | On 01 Oct 2014

Fostering a Digitally Inclusive Aging Society in China: The Potential of Public Libraries

Over the past 40 years, China’s population has been aging at a rate that took more than 100 years in developed countries. In 2010, the number of people over 60 years old reached 178 million in China,...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 05 Sep 2014

Violence against Women and Girls: Lessons from South Asia

Violence against Women and Girls: Lessons from South Asia examines the prevalence and factors associated with various types of violence against women and girls in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indi...

Section: Reports

by Jennifer L. Solotaroff | On 01 Sep 2014

Voice and Agency: Empowering Women and Girls for Shared Prosperity

Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels...

Section: Reports

by Jeni Klugman | On 01 Sep 2014

Infrastructure Gap in South Asia Inequality of Access to Infrastructure Services

The South Asia region is home to the largest pool of individuals living under the poverty line, coupled with a fast-growing population. The importance of access to basic infrastructure services on wel...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Dan Biller | On 01 Sep 2014

Student Learning in South Asia: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Priorities

This report covers education from primary through upper secondary school. Given its importance for school readiness, this report also reviews early childhood development even though that is outside...

Section: Reports

by Halil Dundar | On 01 Jul 2014

Global Economic Prospects

The report argues the recent setback in global economy and ways to strengthen the growth in developing countries. with a view to undertake growth and recovery in high-income countries, there is need t...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 01 Jun 2014

Cash Transfers and Temptation Goods

This paper reviews 19 studies with quantitative evidence on the impact of cash transfers on temptation goods. Studies find either no significant impact or a significant negative impact of transfers on...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by David K. Evans | On 01 May 2014

Building the Skills for Economic Growth and Competitiveness in Sri Lanka

Despite armed internal conflict and the global financial crisis, Sri Lanka has made remarkable progress in recent years, enjoying healthy economic growth and substantially reducing poverty. Moreover,...

Section: Reports

by Halil Dundar | On 01 May 2014

Creating a Sustainable Food Future

This report presents the interim findings of the World Resources Report 2013–2014: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, a collaboration of the World Resources Institute, the United Nations Development...

Section: Reports

by Tim Searchinger | On 01 Apr 2014

Dynamic Effects of Microcredit in Bangladesh

This paper uses long panel survey data spanning over 20 years to examine the dynamics of microcredit programs in Bangladesh. With the phenomenal growth of microfinance institutions representing...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Shahidur R. Khandker | On 01 Mar 2014

Surge in Solar-Powered Homes: Experience in Off-Grid Rural Bangladesh

The studies broad aim is to access the welfare impact of solar home systems (SHS) on households and to evaluate the present institutional structure and financing mechanisms. Also it accesses the direc...

Section: General

by Shahidur R. Khandker | On 01 Jan 2014

Reducing Poverty by Closing South Asia’s Infrastructure Gap

“Reducing Poverty by Closing South Asia’s Infrastructure Gap” reveals that the region’s growing demands for infrastructure has enlarged an existing infrastructure gap. According to the report, address...

Section: Reports

by Luis Andrés | On 01 Dec 2013

Food Prices, Wages, and Welfare in Rural India

This paper considers the welfare and distributional consequences of higher relative food prices in rural India through the lens of a specific-factors, general equilibrium, trade model applied at the...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Hanan G Jacoby | On 01 Apr 2013

Urbanization beyond Municipal Boundaries: Nurturing Metropolitan Economies and Connecting Peri-Urban Areas in India

This study identifies three priority areas for India's policymakers as they try to harness economic efficiency and manage spatial equity associated with urbanization. First, to enhance productivity, i...

Section: Reports

by World Bank | On 21 Feb 2013

Malaysia - Workforce Development

Malaysia has embarked on an ambitious plan to transform the economy with the aim of becoming a developed economy by the year 2020. The country's technical and vocational education and training (TVET)...

Section: Tool kits and Teaching Material

by World Bank | On 02 Jan 2013

Urban Informal Workers: Representative Voice & Economic Rights

he purpose of this paper is to provide a summary analysis of five case studies prepared for the 2013 World Development Report team that illustrate why and how the representative voice and economic rig...

Section: General

by Martha Chen | On 01 Jan 2013

More and Better Jobs in South Asia

This report investigates how more and better jobs can be created in South Asia. It does so for two reasons. First, this region will contribute nearly 40 percent of the growth in the world’s workin...

Section: Reports

by Reema Nayar | On 28 Jan 2012

Gender at Work: A Companion to the World Development Report on Jobs

Gender at Work looks closely at existing constraints as well as policies and practices that show promise in closing the gaps. A companion to the 2013 World Development Report on jobs, the report advoc...

Section: Reports

by Jeni Klugman | On 01 Jan 2012

ICT in Agriculture: Connecting Smallholders to Knowledge, Networks, and Institutions

Enhancing the ability of smallholders to connect with the knowledge, networks, and institutions necessary to improve their productivity, food security, and employment opportunities is a fundamental de...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB] | On 01 Nov 2011

Large-Scale Migration and Remittance in Nepal: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities

Almost half of all households have at least one migrant abroad or a returnee. Estimates of the number of Nepali migrants abroad vary widely, but the most frequently cited estimate, including seasonal...

Section: Working Papers

by World Bank [WB] | On 23 Jun 2011

Capitalizing on the Demographic Transition: Tackling Noncommunicable Diseases in South Asia

Increasing life expectancy in South Asia is resulting in a demographic transition that can, under the right circumstances, yield dividends through more favorable dependency ratios for a time. With ag...

Section: Reports

by Michael Maurice Engelgau | On 10 Feb 2011

The Effect of Women’s Decision-Making Power on Reproductive Health Services Uptake - Evidence from Pakistan

A large body of research has attempted to explore the links between women's autonomy and their uptake of reproductive health services in the South Asia region, but the evidence so far is inconclusive...

Section: General

by Xiaohui Hou | On 01 Jan 2011

Findings oF the Jury Independent People's Tribunal on the World Bank in India

It was considered important to undertake a broad-spectrum enquiry into the World Bank and the functioning of its allies and to review their impacts nationally. This is the origin of the Independent Pe...

Section: General

by Independent People's Tribunal | On 21 Sep 2008

Climate Change Impacts in Drought and Flood Affected Areas: Case Studies in India

The focus of this report is on vulnerabilities in natural resources and rural livelihoods, which stand at the front line of climate change impact. The overarching objective of this report is to promot...

Section: Reports

by World Bank [WB} | On 01 Jun 2008

Supporting Youth at Risk: A Policy Toolkit for Middle-Income Countries

Youth at risk can be defined as individuals between the ages of 12 and 24 who face “environmental, social, and family conditions that hinder their personal development and their successful integration...

Section: General

by World Bank | On 25 Apr 2008

Regional Integration in South Asia: What Role for Trade Facilitation?

The trade performance of countries in South Asia over the past two decades has been poor relative to other regions. Exports from South Asia have doubled over the past 20 years to approximately USD 100...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by John Wilson | On 01 Dec 2007

World Development Report 2007 Development and the Next Generation

The Report examines five pivotal phases of life that can help unleash the development of young people’s potential with the right government policies: learning, working, staying healthy, forming famili...

Section: General

by World Bank | On 11 Nov 2007

Gender Equality as Smart Economics: A World Bank Group Gender Action Plan (Fiscal Years 2007-10)

An action plan to emplement World Bank's strategies.

Section: General

by World Bank | On 08 Nov 2006

Preferential Trading In South Asia

This paper examines the economic case for the South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) Agreement signed on January 6 th, 2004 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. It s...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Tercan Baysan | On 01 Jan 2006

Are Returns To Private Infrastructure In Developing Countries Consistent With Risks Since The Asian Crisis?

This paper presents a basic assessment of the financial performance of infrastructure service operators in developing countries. It relies on a new database of 120 companies put together to track the...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Maria Pinglo | On 01 Aug 2004

Agriculture and Rural development: Hunger and Malnutrition

This paper focuses on two different types of malnutrition and then looks at the links between poor nutrition and agriculture.Malnutrition is one of the most devastating problems worldwide and its dire...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Kevin Cleaver | On 01 Oct 2002

India's Public Distribution System: A National and International Perspective

This study examines the impact of India's Public Distribution System (PDS) on poor households in terms of income gains, reductions in the incidence and severity of poverty, as well as nutritional impr...

Section: General

by R. Radhakrishna | On 01 Nov 1997

Letting Girls Learn: Promising Approaches in Primary and Secondary Education

This paper analyses the benefits from female education (who gains and in what ways) and the constraints (direct and opportunity costs, reflecting economics and tradition). It then outlines promising a...

Section: General

by Barbara Herz | On 30 Sep 1991

Criss-Crossing Migration

The current perspective on the flow of people is almost exclusively focused on permanent migration from poorer to richer countries and on immigration policies in industrial countries. This perspective...

Section: Working Policy Paper

by Aaditya Mattoo | On 01 Jul 1900

Can We Measure the Power of the Grabbing Hand?: A Comparative Analysis of Different Indicators of Corruption

This paper critically reviews the strengths and weaknesses of various objective and subjective indicators of corruption.

Section: Working Papers

by Alexander Hamilton | On 01 Jan 1900